| Purpose | Automated system for executing trades with precision, speed, and risk controls while minimizing slippage and human error |
| Core Function | Converts trading signals into actual market orders with intelligent order management, execution optimization, and comprehensive safety checks |
| Transaction Costs | VAT (20%) on brokerage and transaction charges where applicable • GBP 1 PTM levy on trades above GBP 10,000 (Panel on Takeovers and Mergers) • FCA/FSCS levies (small per-firm charges) |
| Market Microstructure | Price-time priority on the LSE order book • 5 best bids/asks visible in Level 2 data • Real-time via API webhooks • T+2 for equities (moving to T+1 on 11 October 2027); gilts already settle T+1 |
AlgoKing's executor maintains WebSocket connections with automatic reconnection. If connection drops, pending orders remain at the exchange. Upon reconnection, the system reconciles positions and order status. Critical: existing orders continue to work at the exchange even if you're disconnected. Have a backup connection method (mobile data) and know how to access your broker's app to manage orders manually if needed.
Yes, that's one of the primary benefits of automation. Once configured properly with appropriate risk controls, the system executes without human supervision. However, ensure: 1) Daily loss limits are set to prevent disasters, 2) You have mobile notifications for important events, 3) Someone can access the kill switch in emergencies, 4) The underlying strategy is well-tested and robust.
Key metrics to track: 1) Fill rate - should be >95% for liquid instruments, 2) Slippage - should be <10 basis points for liquid stocks, 3) Rejections - should be <2% of orders. AlgoKing provides an execution dashboard showing these metrics. Compare your actual returns with theoretical (backtest) returns - large differences indicate execution issues.
An intraday-margin product is for day trading - positions are automatically squared off before the close and require lower margin. An overnight/derivatives product is for holding positions overnight (e.g. in derivatives) but needs higher margin. Use intraday for day-trading strategies and overnight for swing/derivatives positions.
Common rejection reasons: 1) Insufficient margin/funds - add money or reduce order size, 2) Price outside the exchange's price limits / instrument in a volatility auction - wait for trading to resume, 3) Invalid quantity (not in the contract lot size for derivatives) - adjust quantity, 4) Market closed - queue an out-of-hours order for the next session, 5) Instrument not tradeable - verify symbol and exchange. Check the rejection message for the specific reason code.
For illiquid options: 1) Never use market orders - slippage can be severe, 2) Start with limit orders at mid-price, widen gradually, 3) Consider whether the strike is necessary or if a more liquid strike achieves similar exposure, 4) Be patient - illiquid options may take minutes to fill, 5) Size appropriately - don't try to execute 50% of open interest, 6) Monitor bid-ask spread - if >5% of premium, reconsider the trade.
Momentum strategies typically benefit from AGGRESSIVE or ADAPTIVE mode. Momentum signals have short shelf life - price continues moving in the signal direction. Waiting for limit fill while price moves away costs more than slippage on a market order. However, use limits for high-conviction entries where you're ahead of the move. ADAPTIVE mode works well - starts passive, becomes aggressive if price moves away.
Iron condors have 4 legs which creates complexity. Approach: 1) Break into two credit spreads (call spread + put spread), 2) Execute each spread as a unit using exchange spread orders if supported, 3) Or execute the most liquid leg first, then remaining legs quickly, 4) Use limit orders with reasonable width, 5) Have legging-risk mitigation - if one spread fills but the other doesn't, hedge temporarily, 6) Target liquid weekly or monthly strikes, avoid far-OTM low-liquidity options.
Most broker APIs support order modification via a modify endpoint. You need the original order ID and can change price, quantity, or type. Considerations: 1) Modification requests count toward rate limits, 2) There's a brief moment where the modified order may not be in the book (gap risk), 3) Not all fields can be modified - consult the API docs, 4) If modification fails, the original order remains (unlike cancel which removes it). Always verify modification status via the order status endpoint.
Market open (9:15-9:30 AM) has high slippage because: 1) Overnight news causes gap opens, 2) Pre-open auction may have set price far from previous close, 3) Liquidity is building - order books are thin, 4) Price discovery is happening - more volatility, 5) Many orders competing simultaneously. Best practice: Wait 10-15 minutes for liquidity to normalize unless your strategy specifically requires open execution.
Information leakage occurs when market participants detect your trading intentions. Minimize by: 1) Randomize order timing within intervals, 2) Vary order sizes (not always round numbers), 3) Don't place large visible orders - use iceberg, 4) Mix aggressive and passive execution unpredictably, 5) Avoid predictable patterns (e.g., always executing at VWAP), 6) Consider spreading across correlated instruments, 7) Monitor for patterns in your own fills - consistently getting the worst of bid-ask suggests detection.
Delta-hedged strategies (e.g., long gamma scalping) require coordinated options and futures execution. Considerations: 1) Execute options first - they're less liquid and define your delta, 2) Calculate required futures hedge immediately after options fill, 3) Account for options delta change during execution (gamma), 4) Use fast execution for futures to lock in hedge, 5) Consider exchange-native spread products where available, 6) Monitor net delta in real-time, 7) Have tolerance bands - don't over-trade to maintain perfect delta.
FTSE 100 options expiry is high-volatility: 1) Close positions before the last hour if possible, 2) Be aware of pin risk - strikes near the current price see unusual activity, 3) Delta and gamma become extreme for ATM options, 4) Spreads widen significantly in the last hour, 5) Use more aggressive limits - theta decay costs more than slippage, 6) Monitor OI concentration for likely pin levels, 7) Have emergency market-order capability ready, 8) Consider rolling to the next expiry early in the day if intending to maintain the position.
Benchmark against: 1) VWAP - did you achieve better than VWAP?, 2) Implementation shortfall vs theoretical - total cost of your approach, 3) Arrival price - price at signal time vs average fill, 4) Market close price - for longer executions, 5) Your own historical performance - are you improving?, 6) By market condition - track performance in trending vs ranging vs volatile markets separately. Also track: fill rate, average time to completion, cancellation rate, modification rate. Statistical significance matters - don't draw conclusions from small samples.
For current UK regulations: 1) Log everything - signals, orders, fills, modifications, cancellations, 2) Use unique order tags linking back to the algorithm ID, 3) Maintain records for at least 5-6 years (MiFID II/HMRC), 4) Implement and test kill-switch functionality, 5) Ensure your firm meets MiFID II systems-and-controls requirements where applicable, 6) Monitor for and respond to exchange surveillance queries, 7) Stay updated on FCA rules regarding algorithmic and retail trading, 8) Maintain documentation of algorithm logic and risk controls, 9) Implement reconciliation processes with broker records. Consider engaging a compliance adviser as regulations evolve.
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